With the global fossil fuel supplies dwindling and the alarming increase of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere, the need for alternative, clean energies, from carbon neutral sources is pressing. This impetus advanced research ...

There have been increasing concerns in developing countries over the competition between food and energy resulting from the production of bioethanol from edible biomass. Second generation lignocellulose feedstock is an ...

— Due to increasing populations and an ever-changing climate, limited water resources are South Africa’s burden. Clean water is important for all living organisms’ health and environmental sustainability. To achieve ...

Cadmium (Cd) is regarded as one of the most toxic elements and it causes water pollution when it exceeds the permissible limit. It is currently present in the Mooi River above these permitted levels, and must therefore ...

The shortage of water can be worsened by the pollution of limited water resources by industrial activities such as mining which contribute to significant level of toxic heavy metals in the environments. Heavy metals ...

Polyampholytes are charged macromolecules, which carry both acidic and basic groups. These groups dissociate, leaving ions on chains and counter ions in solution, under appropriate conditions, ...

This study investigates the performance of microbial fuel cells (MFCs) fed with municipal sewage water considering parameters such as temperature and cathode materials. Single chamber ceramic MFCs with the cathode exposed ...

Wastewater treatment challenges faced by conventional methods have necessitated the need for alternative/complementary methods that are environmentally benign and efficient especially toward recalcitrant organic pollutants. ...

Chalcopyrite accounts for 70% of all copper bearing minerals and therefore has been studied closely to understand the dissolution kinetics in hope of overcoming the passivation film and increasing the extraction rates ...

An attempt to determine the various phenomena at play and leaching mechanism of chalcopyrite dissolution, was conducted on a chalcopyrite concentrate. The study was performed at atmospheric conditions (room temperature) ...