Several nanoparticles (Cu2O, SnO, ZnO) have been intensively studied and applied in wastewater treatment research, with TiO2 gaining popularity because of its stability, affordability, large band gap, recyclability and ...

The water purification process at Eskom includes a reverse osmosis (RO) treatment plant. There are several limitations to this process depending on the water characteristics. The most common problems limiting the success ...

South Africa is an arid country with an annual average rainfall less than half of the world’s average rainfall. The industrial sector uses 11% of this limited amount of water. Eskom is one of these users. Within the ...

The direct liquefaction of South African coal fines and their density separated (float) fractions were carried out under moderate conditions in a laboratory autoclave. The liquefaction temperature ranged between 380 and ...

Coal processing in the refinery industry often lead to the formation of coal tar containing polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons which are likely to affect human and animal health when released in surface and ground waters. ...

Approximately 12% of South Africa’s mined coal can be classified as fine coal. Fine coal is primarily formed through mechanical mining methods and can cause blockage in equipment, transportation mechanisms and silos. ...

For environmental and aesthetic purposes it has become essential that mine dump rocks either blend into the environment or be used in the production of other products. Lately, there has been a constant need to produce ...

Fresh water pollution by dyes from various industries is raising a lot of concern lately. Despite their well-known toxicity to humans, azo dyes make up over half of the used dye population. Rhodamines are also a well-used ...

The aim of this study was to evaluate the geochemical background and spatial distribution patterns of selected potential toxic elements (PTEs) in ten sub-surface soil samples (n=10) collected in the former copper mining ...

In this study various coagulants and flocculants were tested for optimum removal of COD from brewery wastewater. The coagulants used were ferric chloride and an organic coagulant mixture obtained from the brewery company. ...