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Conceptual design of an integrated micro-algal biomass-to-liquids process
(ETA-Florence Renewable Energies, 2011)
A new integrated biomasstoliquids conceptual process was developed to produce 2.6 million litres of biodiesel per year from harvested microalgal biomass. Three unconventional harvesting methods, a thermochemical ...
Four novel methods for the harvesting of micro-algal biomass
(ETA-Florence Renewable Energies, 2011)
The harvesting of micro-algal biomass is one of the most inefficient and costly steps in the whole biomass-to-liquids (BtL) value chain. Harvesting costs may contribute between 20–30% of the total cost of microalgal BtL ...
In-situ biodiesel production from municipal waste water treatment plant clarifier effluent stream
(ETA-Florence Renewable Energies, 2015)
The natural occurrence of micro-algal species in water treatment plants introduces many operational problems. If one, however, considers the high lipid, protein and carbohydrate content, micro-algae become attractive as ...
Waste butter and margarine as feedstock for biodiesel production
(ETA-Florence Renewable Energies, 2012)
The resulting bio-waste from butter and margarine factories should be disposed of in an environmentally friendly manner. Currently the bio-waste is either flushed into the municipal sewerage system or moved to landfill ...
Conceptual cost of an integrated micro-algal biomass-to-liquids facility
(ETA-Florence Renewable Energies, 2011)
An orderofmagnitude cost estimate was conducted on a new integrated biomasstoliquids (BtL) process that produces 2.6 million litres of biodiesel per year from microalgal biomass harvested from the Hartbeespoort Dam. ...
Feasibility of cultivating Hartbeespoort Dam microalgae
(ETA-Florence Renewable Energies, 2011)
Three cultivation experiments were conducted to grow microalgae in three consecutively scaled-up laboratory systems, which consisted of one, five and 135-litre bioreactors. The highest productivity achieved under optimum ...
A comparison of biodiesel purification methods
(ETA-Florence Renewable Energies, 2013)
The purification of biodiesel is of cardinal importance to ensure the final product meets industry standards. This final step in the production stage contributes a large portion of the cost attributed to biodiesel production. ...
In-situ biodiesel production from sunflower seeds using liquefaction
(ETA-Florence Renewable Energies, 2015)
One of the most expensive steps in the bio-diesel value chain is the extraction of oil from the seeds. Simultaneous extraction and transesterification will lower the overall capital costs of the process while enhancing ...
Ultrasonic assisted biodiesel production
(ETA-Florence Renewable Energies, 2014)
One of the biggest hurdles in the production of biodiesel is the high production cost compared to petroleum-derived diesel. Even though the mechanical agitation utilised during biodiesel production is effective, it is ...