Grounds for dispensing with public tender procedures in government contracting
Abstract
The Constitution of the Republic of South Africa1 provides that organs of state
must comply with five principles when procuring goods or services:
procurement procedures must be fair, equitable, transparent, competitive and
cost-effective. In short, this means that organs of state should make use of
competition when procuring goods or services. They should shop around and
attract the maximum number of contractors who will participate in such
competition. The aim should be the attainment of value for money, meaning,
public money should be spent in an effective and efficient manner. Those who
participate in competitions should also be treated fairly and without bias. In
principle, no preferences should be afforded to different contractors; all
contracting parties should have equal access to competition; some contractors
should not be afforded more time for the preparation and submission of quotes
or tenders than others; and the same information should be made available to
all contracting parties. Government procurement procedures should further be
transparent, meaning public or open. Thus, organs of state should not contract
behind closed doors – government contracts should, as a rule, be advertised.
Depending on the nature and value of a particular contract, the use of a public
call for tenders is generally the best way to ensure compliance with the
principles in the Constitution. By nature, a pubic call for tenders is open, it
assists in the prevention of fraud and favouritism, and it ensures that the
maximum number of contractors is approached to compete for a contract.
Organs of state can also compare prices and quality and can contract with
whoever offers the best deal. Most legislation therefore proceeds on the basis
that procurement takes place by way of tendering. Generally, contracts above
R200 000 are subject to public tender procedures.
In certain instances, however, a public call for tenders may be inappropriate
regardless of the high value of the contract. For this reason, exceptions are
provided for in legislation. Since tendering, however, is generally the best way
to ensure compliance with all the principles in the Constitution, it is important for
there to be sufficient guidance on the non-use of tender procedures. Proper
guidance will, to a large extent, ensure uniformity and transparency in
government procurement procedures which will, in turn, assist in the combating
of corruption. In this article, attention is given to the legislation that provides for
exceptions to the use of tendering at all three levels of government.
Recommendations are then made as to how some of the legislative provisions
should be interpreted in order to align them with the principles in the
Constitution. In doing so, reference is made to a number of international
instruments dealing with government procurement and specifically, the non-use
of tender procedures.