The state of art of ground-based cosmic-ray research from its discovery to present is reviewed. After discovery of cosmic rays by Hess in 1912, the nature of the primary and secondary radiation was established from recordings ...

The characterization of char obtained from the vacuum pyrolysis (8 kPaabs, 460 °C, 18 °C/min) of sugar cane bagasse followed by steam gasification (60 wt % of steam, 700−900 °C) was studied. The influence of different ...

A CFD method was developed to conduct integral thermal reactor analysis for the complete Reactor Unit of the Pebble Bed Modular Reactor (Pty) Ltd (PBMR). The requirement was however also to include very detailed aspects ...

An area that has been identified as significantly important in the development of a high temperature reactor (HTR) is the prediction of leakage and bypass flows. It is therefore essential to understand the influence of ...

This paper will describe the methodology and procedures that were followed to measure and verify the impact on the electricity use of a lighting load reduction project implemented at a gold mine. The lighting retrofit ...