Browsing Faculty of Health Sciences by Title
Now showing items 1423-1442 of 2386
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Metabotropic and ionotropic glutamate receptors as neurobiological targets in anxiety and stress-related disorders: focus on pharmacology and preclinical translational models
(Elsevier, 2012)Anxiety disorders are amongst the most common and disabling of psychiatric illnesses and have severe health and socio-economic implications. Despite the availability of a number of treatment options there is still a strong ... -
Methoxy substituted 2-benzylidene-1-indanone derivatives as A1 and/or A2A AR antagonists for the potential treatment of neurological conditions
(RSC, 2019)A prior study reported on hydroxy substituted 2-benzylidene-1-indanone derivatives as A1 and/or A2A antagonists for the potential treatment of neurological conditions. A lead compound (1a) was identified with both A1 and ... -
Methylation vs. protein inflammatory biomarkers and their associations with cardiovascular function
(Frontiers Media, 2020)DNA methylation data can be used to estimate proportions of leukocyte subsets retrospectively, when directly measured cell counts are unavailable. The methylation-derived neutrophil-to-lymphocyte and lymphocyte-to-monocyte ... -
Methylene blue analogues with marginal monoamine oxidase inhibition retain antidepressant-like activity
(ACS, 2018)Methylene blue (MB) possesses diverse medical applications. Among these, MB presents with antidepressant-like effects in animals and has shown promise in clinical trials for the treatment of mood disorders. As an antidepressant, ... -
Methylene blue analogues: in vitro antimicrobial minimum inhibitory concentrations and in silico pharmacophore modelling
(Elsevier, 2020)It has been shown that methylene blue has antimicrobial properties although few studies have determined its minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), which is the gold standard used to measure antimicrobial activity. The ... -
Methylene blue and its analogues as antidepressant compounds
(Springer, 2017)Methylene Blue (MB) is considered to have diverse medical applications and is a well-described treatment for methemoglobinemias and ifosfamide-induced encephalopathy. In recent years the focus has shifted to MB as an ... -
Methylene homologues of artemisone: an unexpected structure-activity relationship and a possible implication for the design of C10-substituted artemisinins
(Wiley, 2016)We sought to establish if methylene homologues of artemisone are biologically more active and more stable than artemisone. The analogy is drawn with the conversion of natural O- and N-glycosides into more stable C-glycosides ... -
Methylphenidate and atomoxetine prescribing trends in children in the Western Cape Province of South Africa, 2005-2013
(AOSIS, 2018)Background: There is paucity of data on methylphenidate and atomoxetine prescribing patterns in South African children. Aim: To describe the prescribing trends of these agents in children residing in the Western Cape ... -
Metronidazole-conjugates: a comprehensive review of recent developments towards synthesis and medicinal perspective
(Elsevier, 2020)Nitroimidazoles based compounds remain a hot topic of research in medicinal chemistry due to their numerous biological activities. Moreover, many clinical candidates based on this chemical core have been reported to be ... -
The microbial metabolite indole-3-propionic acid improves glucose metabolism in rats, but does not affect behaviour
(Taylor & Francis, 2018)Context: We have previously shown that an antidepressant-like effect of probiotics in rats was associated with a higher plasma level of the microbial tryptophan metabolite indole-3-propionic acid (IPA). Objective: We ... -
Microbial quality of milk, produced by small scale farmers in a peri-urban area in South Africa
(Academic Journals, 2010) -
A micronutrient powder with low doses of highly absorbable iron and zinc reduces iron and zinc deficiency and improves weight-for-age z-scores in South African children
(American Society of Nutrition, 2011)Micronutrient powders (MNP) are often added to complementary foods high in inhibitors of iron and zinc absorption. Most MNP therefore include high amounts of iron and zinc, but it is no longer recommended in malarial areas ... -
MicroRNA 101b is downregulated in the prefrontal cortex of a genetic model of depression and targets the glutamate transporter SLC1A1 (EAAT3) in vitro
(Oxford Univ Press, 2016)Background: MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small regulatory molecules that cause translational repression by base pairing with target mRNAs. Cumulative evidence suggests that changes in miRNA expression may in part underlie the ... -
Microvascular function in non-dippers: potential involvement of the salt sensitivity biomarker, marinobufagenin-the African-PREDICT study
(Wiley, 2020)Suppressed nighttime blood pressure dipping is associated with salt sensitivity and may increase the hemodynamic load on the microvasculature. The mechanism remains unknown whereby salt sensitivity may increase the ... -
Middle adolescents motivations to care for older persons in an economically vulnerable community
(Taylor & Francis, 2016)In the light of ageing populations and limited resources, care is becoming increasingly important in intergenerational relations. Qualitative research was conducted to investigate the motivations of middle adolescents to ... -
Mind your state: insights into antidepressant nonadherence
(MedPharm Publications, 2016)Major depressive disorder (MDD) is an insidious disease and affects up to 15% of the global population. Although MDD responds to a wide range of pharmacological treatment options, a number of factors, i.e. not adhering ... -
Missing data imputation via the expectation-maximization algorithm can improve principal component analysis aimed at deriving biomarker profiles and dietary patterns
(Elsevier, 2020)Principal component analysis (PCA) is a popular statistical tool. However, despite numerous advantages, the good practice of imputing missing data before PCA is not common. In the present work, we evaluated the hypothesis ... -
Mitochondria are critical for BDNF-mediated synaptic and vascular plasticity of hippocampus following repeated electroconvulsive seizures
(Oxford Univ Press, 2018)Background Electroconvulsive therapy is a fast-acting and efficient treatment of depression used in the clinic. The underlying mechanism of its therapeutic effect is still unclear. However, recovery of synaptic connections ... -
Mitochondrial DNA replication and OXPHOS gene transcription show varied responsiveness to Rieske protein knockdown in 143B cells
(Elsevier, 2011)Genetic, biochemical and phenotypic diversity is a hallmark of OXPHOS deficiencies. Among the responses frequently reported for these deficiencies is differential expression of several genes involved in mitochondrial ... -
Mitochondrial plasticity of the hippocampus in a genetic rat model of depression after antidepressant treatment
(Wiley, 2013)Depressive disorders and the treatment thereof have been associated with a number of neuroplastic events, such as neurogenesis and synaptic remodeling in discrete areas of the brain. The associations of these events in ...