Background Cotinine, a nicotine metabolite, is used to measure tobacco use and exposure, but recommended cut-offs to differentiate tobacco users from those exposed through the environment range from 3 to 58 ng/ml in serum, ...

Oxidative stress and inflammation has been implicated in arterial stiffness, and hypertension development. Oxidative stress may interfere with normal vascular function by inactivation of NO and/or the production of ...

Background & aims The relationship between total body iron and cardiovascular disease remains controversial and information absent in black sub-Saharan Africans in whom alcohol consumption tends to be high. The level of ...