Caffeine is frequently used in cosmetics due to its well-characterised skin permeation properties and is widely incorporated in cosmetic-related products intended for skin (Samah & Heard, 2013:631). Despite its polar ...

Motion sickness, although viewed as a sickness, is in actuality a psychophysiological response to motion. The most common cause of motion sickness is the mismatch between the vestibular and visual systems. An increase in ...

Drug delivery through the skin still remains an area that enjoys active research with much of the research focusing on physical or chemical methods to reversibly alter the skin’s permeability to compounds because of the ...

Extensive research has already been performed on Aloe vera therefore it is important that researchers include other aloe species, such as Aloe marlothii and Aloe ferox, in studies involving aloe plant materials (Loots et ...

Natural oils are regularly used in cosmetics and as treatment for numeral skin conditions (Nielsen, 2006:575). The natural products industry is a multibillion dollar industry and has grown tremendously over the past few ...

Active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs), which are incorporated in different formulations, i.e. creams, gels, foams, etc., are applied to the skin for a therapeutic effect. This therapeutic effect could either be required ...

Local anaesthetics are used regularly in the medical world for a variety of different procedures. Topical anaesthetics are used largely in minor skin breaking procedures, laceration repair and minor surgical procedures ...

Pigmentation disorders occur in multiple conditions (Hakozaki et al., 2006:105). Although many modalities of treatments are available, none are completely satisfactory (Briganti et al., 2003:101). Two cytokines normally ...

The skin is an amazingly flexible and relatively impermeable barrier that provides protective, perceptive and communication functions to the human body. The interest in transdermal drug delivery may be attributed to the ...

Aging can be described as an extremely complex occurrence from which no organism can be excluded. Intrinsic and extrinsic aging make out the two components of skin aging and they differ on the macromolecular level while ...