"n Ondersoek na die toepassing van die konsep "Dialektiek" in die dialektiese fantasie van Jacobus Kloppers

Abstract

ABSTRACT This study is an examination of the application of the concept of dialectics in the Dialectic Fantasy by Jacobus Kloppers. Jacobus Kloppers was born on 27 November 1937 in Krugersdorp, South Africa. Kloppers is a wellknown composer, organist and musicologist. The Kloppers family emigrated to Canada in 1976, where Kloppers established himself as organist and later joined King’s College University. Most of Kloppers’s compositions are for solo organ, but he also composed concerti, organ duets, choral works (with and without accompaniment) and a work for piano. The Dialectic Fantasy was commissioned by Eddie Davey in 1991. Davey tasked Kloppers with composing a concert piece for solo organ that would contain several contradictions. Kloppers gained inspiration from the philosophical term, dialectics. The dialectical process entails the statement of thesis against anti-thesis in order to form a synthesis – this synthesis, in turn, forms a new thesis, and in this way, the dialectical process moves forward purposefully. In this essay I have shown how the concept of dialectics influenced music theorists in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries and composer in the later twentieth century. In the Dialectic Fantasy Kloppers portrays several contradictions – in the form, mode, style, timbre and affect. The contradiction in the form entails the use of sonata form against free fantasy and 53 counterpoint against monadic recitative. In terms of mode, major and minor modes are set against each other. The contradiction in timbre comprises the use of registration and harmonic tone colour. The meanings of the texts of the chorales used as well as the mood contribute to contradiction of affect. Every contradiction possesses its own distinctive character. Kloppers ends the Dialectic Fantasy on an uncertain tone, which adds to his depiction of the resignation that the faithful can find despite unsolved questions.

ABSTRAK Hierdie studie is ’n ondersoek na die toepassing van die konsep van dialektiek in die Dialektiese Fantasie van Jacobus Kloppers. Jacobus Kloppers is gebore 27 November 1937 in Krugersdorp, Suid-Afrika. Hy is ’n welbekende komponis, orrelis en musikoloog. Die Kloppers-gesin emigreer in 1976 na Kanada waar Kloppers homself vestig as orrelis en later aansluit by die King’s College University. Die komposisies van Kloppers is meestal vir solo orrel, maar hy komponeer ook concerti, orrelduette, koorwerke (met of sonder begeleiding) en ’n klavierwerk. 52 Die Dialektiese Fantasie is in 1991 aangevra deur Eddie Davey. Davey het Kloppers die opdrag gegee om ’n konsertwerk vir solo-orrel te komponeer wat verskeie teenstellings bevat. Kloppers kry sy inspirasie vanaf die filosofiese konsep, dialektiek. Die dialektiese proses behels die stelling van tese teenoor antitese wat ’n sintese vorm – hierdie sintese vorm op sy beurt ’n nuwe tese, en só beweeg die dialektiese proses doelgerig vooruit. In hierdie skripsie het ek aangetoon hoe die konsep van dialektiek musiekteoretici in die laat-negentiende en vroeg-twintigste eeue, en komponiste in die latere 20ste eeu beïnvloed het. In die Dialektiese Fantasie beeld Kloppers verskeie teenstellings uit – in die vorm, modus, styl, klankkleur en affek. Die teenstelling in die vorm behels die stelling van sonatevorm teenoor vrye fantasie en kontrapunt teenoor monodiese resitatief. Ten opsigte van modus word mineur teenoor majeur gestel en in die styl word atonaliteit teenoor tonaliteit geplaas, en ’n 20ste-eeuse idioom teenoor konvensionele harmoniek geplaas. Die teenstelling in klankkleur behels die gebruik van registrasie en die harmoniese klankkleur. Die betekenis van die tekste van die koraalmelodieë wat gebruik is, asook gemoedsbeweging, dra by tot die teenstelling in affek. Elke teenstelling het ’n eiesoortige karakter. Kloppers eindig die Dialektiese Fantasie op ’n onsekere toon, wat bydra tot sy uitbeelding van die berusting wat die gelowige kan vind ten spyte van onopgeloste vrae.